Home Team RPIs Conference RPIs n-Rating All Selection Data Archive Schedules Notes on My Calculations Women's RPI Links

NCAA Women's Basketball n-Rating

Games through 16 December 2001


Mean home advantage: 7.1966  SD: 19.6336


N1 = raw expected winning margin
N2 = expected winning margin, adjusted once for opponents' strength


rank team                   n-Rating    N2        N1     W   L conference 


1.   Tennessee              34.570    23.928    18.263    7  0  SEC
2.   Connecticut            32.422    25.462    20.401   10  0  BigEast
3.   Duke                   28.300    21.800    19.020    8  2  ACC
4.   Michigan               24.600    16.460    14.994    9  1  BigTen
5.   Vanderbilt             24.523    17.323    14.016   10  1  SEC
6.   Georgia                23.813    20.976    17.448    7  0  SEC
7.   Stanford               23.315    15.176    10.085    8  1  PacTen
8.   LouisianaTech          22.356    14.629     4.345    3  3  WAC
9.   NorthCarolina          22.260    16.048    13.604    9  1  ACC
10.  Purdue                 21.877    15.924    12.798    8  1  BigTen
11.  Oklahoma               21.148    16.355    13.517   10  0  BigTwelve
12.  UNLV                   20.918    17.007    16.681    7  1  MWC
13.  TexasTech              20.726    14.073     9.903    5  2  BigTwelve
14.  Syracuse               20.688    14.917    10.833    5  3  BigEast
15.  VirginiaTech           20.285    14.428    12.894    6  2  BigEast
16.  Cincinnati             19.087    16.355    14.936    8  0  CUSA
17.  Colorado               19.049    14.696    12.444    9  2  BigTwelve
18.  TCU                    18.311    14.716    12.961    6  2  CUSA
19.  OldDominion            18.263    13.182     8.503    4  3  Colonial
20.  IowaState              18.090    14.064    11.514    9  0  BigTwelve
21.  Montana                17.630    14.438    13.604    4  2  BigSky
22.  FloridaState           17.592    14.351    14.533    8  2  ACC
23.  ColoradoState          17.400    11.399     8.738    8  1  MWC
24.  LSU                    17.275    13.038     9.189    4  3  SEC
25.  Baylor                 17.256    13.441    15.463   10  0  BigTwelve
26.  Bradley                17.246    15.569    18.071    8  0  MVC
27.  Auburn                 17.170    14.303    11.447   10  0  SEC
28.  BostonCollege          17.151    11.916     9.443    6  2  BigEast
29.  USC                    17.064    10.181     7.741    4  5  PacTen
30.  Illinois               17.007    12.213    10.076    5  3  BigTen
31.  Arkansas               16.758    13.134    12.511    6  2  SEC
32.  Wisconsin              16.384     9.731     7.895    9  1  BigTen
33.  SantaClara             16.259    13.028     8.762    7  2  WCC
34.  Florida                15.991    11.696     9.510    6  3  SEC
35.  KansasState            15.924    12.396    11.207    8  1  BigTwelve
36.  Mississippi            15.876    12.357     8.777    6  3  SEC
37.  Vermont                15.799    12.233     8.503    5  2  AmEast
38.  Iowa                   15.761    11.053     8.038    7  3  BigTen
39.  NorthCarolinaState     15.703     9.035     5.637    6  3  ACC
40.  Indiana                15.703     9.266     7.732    6  3  BigTen
41.  SouthCarolina          15.636    11.025     6.505    8  1  SEC
42.  MississippiState       15.300    12.213    11.006    7  2  SEC
43.  Washington             14.438     9.227     5.992    5  4  PacTen
44.  Rutgers                14.131     9.457     6.409    4  5  BigEast
45.  NotreDame              14.102     8.647     3.763    4  4  BigEast
46.  BYU                    14.025     9.568    12.281    7  3  MWC
47.  UCSantaBarbara         14.025     6.711     3.322    3  4  BigWest
48.  Missouri               13.843    10.028     9.290    7  1  BigTwelve
49.  St.Peters              13.834    10.948    11.753    7  1  MAAC
50.  Southern               13.786    13.517     9.697    5  3  SWAC
51.  Texas                  13.651    10.248     5.613    7  1  BigTwelve
52.  Alabama                13.632    11.801    10.210    5  3  SEC
53.  Belmont                13.565    10.248    13.699    7  1  AtlSun
54.  Villanova              13.412    10.152     9.625    4  3  BigEast
55.  Minnesota              13.354     8.350     9.069    8  1  BigTen
56.  PennState              13.182     9.285     7.928    6  3  BigTen
57.  Utah                   13.134     6.126     7.732    3  3  MWC
58.  MiddleTennessee        13.115     8.978     7.732    5  3  SunBelt
59.  Nebraska               13.000    11.207     7.928    8  3  BigTwelve
60.  Chattanooga            12.913     7.248     8.815    5  3  Southern
61.  TennesseeTech          12.693     8.465     4.546    6  3  OVC
62.  Drake                  12.539     7.943     3.585    5  3  MVC
63.  Clemson                12.376     7.329     5.369    5  3  ACC
64.  GeorgiaState           12.252    11.581     8.269    3  2  AtlSun
65.  UCIrvine               12.118     9.112     7.353    1  7  BigWest
66.  SouthAlabama           11.801    11.226    14.236    7  2  SunBelt
67.  Louisville             11.600     6.011     5.292    5  3  CUSA
68.  NewMexico              11.322     7.339     5.162    7  3  MWC
69.  Wofford                11.264     8.388     8.968    4  3  Southern
70.  LongBeachState         11.226     8.614     5.757    0  5  BigWest
71.  EasternKentucky        10.938     7.281     6.164    6  3  OVC
72.  Toledo                 10.929     6.433     2.883    3  5  MAC
73.  Evansville             10.891     4.242     1.531    4  4  MVC
74.  GeorgiaTech            10.843     8.293     7.248    5  3  ACC
75.  Tulane                 10.814     6.687     5.953    8  1  CUSA
76.  Duquesne               10.411     6.260     7.372    3  5  ATen
77.  FloridaInternational   10.392     4.990     1.814    6  2  SunBelt
78.  SWMissouriState        10.334     6.970     1.400    3  4  MVC
79.  WisconsinGreenBay      10.306     8.211     3.363    5  4  Horizon
80.  Dartmouth              10.248     6.155     3.895    4  3  Ivy
81.  ArizonaState            9.970     7.420     6.366    9  2  PacTen
82.  NorthTexas              9.951     4.441     0.611    4  4  SunBelt
83.  BallState               9.951     5.383     7.214    4  2  MAC
84.  NorthernIowa            9.903     7.233     4.141    5  5  MVC
85.  WestVirginia            9.764     8.340     6.092    5  4  BigEast
86.  Rice                    9.678     5.723     4.590    5  2  WAC
87.  WesternKentucky         9.615     3.269    -2.087    5  4  SunBelt
88.  Maryland                9.587     5.819     6.203    6  3  ACC
89.  Temple                  9.462     3.801    -1.125    3  4  ATen
90.  Creighton               9.285     6.850     7.363    4  4  MVC
91.  SEMissouriState         9.136     8.297     7.008    5  3  OVC
92.  Virginia                9.059     3.847     0.431    5  3  ACC
93.  HolyCross               9.045     4.194     0.621    5  3  Patriot
94.  UNCWilmington           9.002     6.437     7.679    4  3  Colonial
95.  Providence              8.954     6.500     4.333    6  3  BigEast
96.  EasternMichigan         8.748     7.482     9.361    6  1  MAC
97.  Pepperdine              8.733     3.482    -1.415    3  4  WCC
98.  SouthFlorida            8.729     5.920     5.714    6  2  CUSA
99.  OregonState             8.681     4.024    -1.794    4  5  PacTen
100. DePaul                  8.652     4.990     2.996    6  3  CUSA
101. Oregon                  8.518     5.162     1.409    5  4  PacTen
102. St.Josephs              8.384     4.453     1.572    5  2  ATen
103. Portland                8.364     4.422     4.913    6  2  WCC
104. GeorgeMason             8.221     5.493     0.652    4  3  Colonial
105. Georgetown              8.211     6.227     6.399    6  2  BigEast
106. SetonHall               8.062     3.986     4.268    6  3  BigEast
107. LoyolaMarymount         8.048     4.264     3.638    7  2  WCC
108. Kentucky                8.048     2.538     2.572    4  4  SEC
109. Houston                 7.775     6.605     8.326    7  2  CUSA
110. Pacific                 7.669     4.352     3.197    4  4  BigWest
111. BostonUniversity        7.636     6.586     7.353    6  2  AmEast
112. Massachusetts           7.631     4.096     2.325    1  8  ATen
113. MichiganState           7.612     3.063     5.349    8  1  BigTen
114. Gonzaga                 7.602     5.033     7.382    3  5  WCC
115. GeorgeWashington        7.430     2.668    -0.946    4  4  ATen
116. RhodeIsland             7.420     5.728     8.307    6  3  ATen
117. NewHampshire            7.372     5.450     5.258    4  5  AmEast
118. MiamiFla.               7.133     4.139     5.162    6  2  BigEast
119. NorthernArizona         7.099     5.110     6.481    6  2  BigSky
120. WisconsinMilwaukee      6.965     1.642     0.146    4  5  Horizon
121. St.Marys                6.854     3.003     0.611    4  3  WCC
122. Denver                  6.835     4.810     3.526    3  7  SunBelt
123. MiamiOhio               6.807     2.111     2.373    5  3  MAC
124. MontanaState            6.725     3.672     3.732    4  5  BigSky
125. Memphis                 6.524     2.730     0.448    5  5  CUSA
126. Valparaiso              6.509     3.008     0.240    4  4  MidCon
127. Richmond                6.414     2.243    -3.019    3  6  ATen
128. LouisianaLafayette      6.289     3.418     3.377    3  6  SunBelt
129. Xavier                  6.275     2.706     0.086    4  6  ATen
130. Hawaii                  6.188     2.816    -0.128    5  2  WAC
131. William&Mary            6.073     0.594     3.147    3  2  Colonial
132. Maine                   5.800     2.217     0.518    6  4  AmEast
133. Furman                  5.766     3.132     0.446    5  3  Southern
134. Charlotte               5.690     3.736     4.029    5  3  CUSA
135. NorfolkState            5.666     5.119    13.910    5  1  MEAC
136. TexasA&MCorpusChristi   5.642     4.362     4.252    6  4  Independent
137. Delaware                5.589     5.378     8.547    4  2  Colonial
138. Marquette               5.541     0.010    -3.723    3  5  CUSA
139. AustinPeay              5.215     3.492     0.753    4  3  OVC
140. Marshall                5.191     5.527     7.003    2  3  MAC
141. UNCGreensboro           4.985     1.913    -1.233    4  4  Southern
142. WesternIllinois         4.741     2.854     3.514    3  4  MidCon
143. Arizona                 4.635    -1.200    -1.358    4  4  PacTen
144. Mercer                  4.532     2.656     9.031    4  3  AtlSun
145. ArkansasState           4.484     2.531    -0.234    5  5  SunBelt
146. Siena                   4.472     0.817     2.358    5  3  MAAC
147. SanFrancisco            4.376    -0.891    -3.412    4  4  WCC
148. EastCarolina            4.314     2.001     0.666    1  7  CUSA
149. Harvard                 4.201     2.476     3.022    6  3  Ivy
150. Binghamton              4.151     3.842     6.150    8  2  AmEast
151. JamesMadison            4.144     1.337    -0.893    5  2  Colonial
152. MoreheadState           4.070     2.974     4.388    5  1  OVC
153. SacredHeart             4.050     4.280     7.041    4  2  Northeast
154. Drexel                  3.998     2.713     6.663    6  1  Colonial
155. Detroit                 3.945     0.084    -1.900    4  3  Horizon
156. Hartford                3.938     1.977     3.219    4  5  AmEast
157. CentralMichigan         3.844     1.232     4.822    4  2  MAC
158. PortlandState           3.825     0.108     1.599    4  5  BigSky
159. IdahoState              3.751     3.279     2.423    4  3  BigSky
160. KentState               3.672     2.042    -1.974    2  6  MAC
161. SanJoseState            3.552     2.037     5.191    4  3  WAC
162. UAB                     3.427     0.400     1.905    6  3  CUSA
163. Wyoming                 3.365    -0.162     0.827    3  5  MWC
164. OklahomaState           3.355     0.729     2.926    4  3  BigTwelve
165. Oakland                 3.221     0.429    -2.717    3  5  MidCon
166. NorthernIllinois        3.142     0.031     0.180    5  2  MAC
167. AppalachianState        2.864     2.339     4.820    3  5  Southern
168. WesternMichigan         2.854    -0.833     0.055    3  7  MAC
169. Monmouth                2.828     2.234    -0.716    4  5  Northeast
170. Liberty                 2.763     0.424     1.234    4  4  BigSouth
171. Columbia                2.658     4.283     3.820    3  4  Ivy
172. SanDiego                2.612     0.333    -0.212    5  3  WCC
173. FresnoState             2.579     0.415     0.745    5  4  WAC
174. TexasA&M                2.509     1.845     7.367    7  3  BigTwelve
175. BethuneCookman          2.380     2.076     4.681    3  4  MEAC
176. CalPoly                 2.366     0.800    -0.859    1  5  BigWest
177. Pittsburgh              2.270    -0.752    -3.033    3  6  BigEast
178. Pennsylvania            2.243    -0.979    -0.958    3  6  Ivy
179. OhioState               2.212    -0.934    -2.832    3  6  BigTen
180. Marist                  2.179     1.275     0.367    4  3  MAAC
181. Davidson                2.150     0.060    -0.936    4  4  Southern
182. California              1.848    -0.593    -0.601    4  3  PacTen
183. Tulsa                   1.829     0.014     0.113    4  4  WAC
184. WakeForest              1.774     0.266    -2.403    4  4  ACC
185. Navy                    1.455     1.994     5.014    5  3  Patriot
186. St.Bonaventure          1.424    -1.382    -1.763    5  4  ATen
187. WesternCarolina         1.421    -0.991     2.936    6  2  Southern
188. Yale                    1.337     1.182     3.013    5  3  Ivy
189. SMU                     1.323    -2.453    -7.793    4  4  WAC
190. CoastalCarolina         1.273    -0.462    -0.253    2  4  BigSouth
191. Idaho                   1.062     0.225     0.463    4  4  BigWest
192. NewMexicoState          0.846    -1.054    -0.188    4  4  SunBelt
193. MarylandBaltimoreCo     0.726     0.961     2.296    4  4  Northeast
194. Nevada                  0.647    -3.558    -5.741    3  5  WAC
195. StephenF.Austin         0.638    -3.541    -4.179    3  4  Southland
196. LoyolaIll.              0.630     0.185     4.235    5  2  Horizon
197. WeberState              0.525    -1.034     0.343    5  4  BigSky
198. Elon                    0.453    -0.406     1.313    2  5  BigSouth
199. LongIsland              0.326    -0.569     1.570    4  2  Northeast
200. Manhattan               0.259    -0.313    -0.296    3  3  MAAC
201. Northwestern            0.232    -2.480    -4.605    3  7  BigTen
202. StonyBrook              0.194    -1.483    -1.655    5  4  AmEast
203. MurrayState             0.187    -2.748    -0.668    3  4  OVC
204. Lipscomb                0.137    -1.214    -0.490    3  9  Independent
205. American                0.038    -1.085     0.292    5  4  Patriot
206. IllinoisChicago        -0.013    -0.788     1.443    6  2  Horizon
207. TexasArlington         -0.136    -2.024    -5.051    2  4  Southland
208. Cornell                -0.152    -0.176     1.788    4  5  Ivy
209. Dayton                 -0.179    -3.735    -8.646    1  7  ATen
210. AlabamaState           -0.203    -1.363    -1.466    2  4  SWAC
211. Hofstra                -0.275    -1.708     0.101    3  6  Colonial
212. SaintLouis             -0.399    -3.302    -1.171    4  4  CUSA
213. Quinnipiac             -0.572    -1.847    -0.924    5  4  Northeast
214. SouthernIllinois       -0.577    -3.570    -0.788    4  3  MVC
215. WashingtonState        -0.632    -2.844    -8.339    2  8  PacTen
216. WichitaState           -0.706    -3.016    -3.177    4  4  MVC
217. SouthernUtah           -0.759    -1.614    -1.463    2  6  MidCon
218. IndianaState           -0.811    -4.639    -1.439    3  4  MVC
219. CollegeofCharleston    -0.833    -1.379    -1.214    3  4  Southern
220. St.FrancisPa.          -0.855    -2.770    -0.059    3  4  Northeast
221. BoiseState             -0.979    -2.436    -4.414    4  5  WAC
222. Mt.St.Marys            -1.003    -1.787     1.591    4  3  Northeast
223. EastTennesseeState     -1.006    -2.487     0.036    5  4  Southern
224. NorthwesternState      -1.078    -2.293    -2.367    2  3  Southland
225. Ohio                   -1.159    -2.317     3.195    4  5  MAC
226. Bucknell               -1.159    -1.538    -1.344    3  5  Patriot
227. LaSalle                -1.183    -2.396    -3.848    2  5  ATen
228. ChicagoState           -1.226    -0.891    -1.979    3  5  MidCon
229. Hampton                -1.286    -3.702    -1.463    4  5  MEAC
230. Fordham                -1.358    -2.717    -2.537    2  6  ATen
231. SWTexasState           -1.444    -4.121    -2.451    3  4  Southland
232. LoyolaMd.              -2.022    -2.468     1.944    5  3  MAAC
233. UCLA                   -2.036    -4.152    -8.718    3  5  PacTen
234. CharlestonSouthern     -2.043    -4.136    -4.927    2  3  BigSouth
235. ArkansasLittleRock     -2.063    -2.108    -1.931    4  5  SunBelt
236. Rider                  -2.079    -1.799    -1.511    1  7  MAAC
237. FairleighDickinson     -2.108    -3.043     2.126    5  3  Northeast
238. HighPoint              -2.175    -4.589    -8.061    3  7  BigSouth
239. GeorgiaSouthern        -2.269    -4.337    -5.166    2  5  Southern
240. Lehigh                 -2.293    -1.051    -3.496    4  4  Patriot
241. Fairfield              -2.307    -5.137    -8.924    2  6  MAAC
242. Campbell               -2.523    -1.940    -8.109    1  5  AtlSun
243. IUPUI                  -2.688    -3.273    -3.786    2  6  MidCon
244. Canisius               -2.714    -3.182    -3.148    5  4  MAAC
245. Howard                 -2.837    -2.990    -3.201    3  6  MEAC
246. JacksonState           -2.918    -4.057     1.563    3  3  SWAC
247. MarylandEasternShore   -2.952    -2.307     0.220    3  3  MEAC
248. UCRiverside            -3.048    -4.845    -6.633    0  6  BigWest
249. YoungstownState        -3.424    -5.276    -0.342    3  5  Horizon
250. TennesseeMartin        -3.472    -6.192    -7.606    1  7  OVC
251. BowlingGreen           -3.580    -4.912    -5.219    1  7  MAC
252. CentralFlorida         -3.755    -5.037    -2.070    5  3  AtlSun
253. Butler                 -3.870    -6.638    -9.341    1  8  Horizon
254. Kansas                 -3.896    -5.190    -5.463    3  6  BigTwelve
255. Colgate                -3.910    -4.390    -5.286    2  5  Patriot
256. Niagara                -4.150    -5.046    -5.248    0  9  MAAC
257. CalStateNorthridge     -4.323    -8.095   -10.669    0  6  BigWest
258. SanDiegoState          -4.402    -4.718    -0.648    4  3  MWC
259. Grambling              -4.692    -6.580    -4.718    3  5  SWAC
260. Stetson                -4.706    -5.152    -4.184    1  5  AtlSun
261. AlcornState            -5.037    -3.335    -1.288    2  3  SWAC
262. SouthCarolinaState     -5.075    -5.008    -0.071    3  5  MEAC
263. UMKC                   -5.171    -6.221    -6.149    2  6  MidCon
264. Albany                 -5.243    -4.315    -5.948    2  6  AmEast
265. ClevelandState         -5.248    -7.477    -6.345    3  3  Horizon
266. TroyState              -5.257    -5.943    -5.545    3  4  AtlSun
267. NichollsState          -5.286    -5.919    -7.779    2  4  Southland
268. FloridaA&M             -5.324    -5.248    -7.213    1  4  MEAC
269. IllinoisState          -5.368    -8.795   -12.922    0  7  MVC
270. Wagner                 -5.439    -5.904    -8.843    2  6  Northeast
271. Princeton              -5.473    -4.979    -2.087    4  3  Ivy
272. LouisianaMonroe        -5.554    -5.833    -5.516    2  5  Southland
273. VirginiaCommonwealth   -5.583    -7.534    -8.622    2  6  Colonial
274. OralRoberts            -5.713    -7.961   -10.707    3  4  MidCon
275. Buffalo                -6.019    -6.863    -7.596    2  5  MAC
276. Radford                -6.063    -6.250    -7.218    2  7  BigSouth
277. Army                   -6.432    -6.566    -4.608    2  7  Patriot
278. Lafayette              -6.695    -4.222    -6.350    1  6  Patriot
279. CoppinState            -6.959    -5.694    -8.138    3  6  MEAC
280. TexasSanAntonio        -6.997   -10.362    -6.997    2  4  Southland
281. JacksonvilleState      -7.620    -7.146    -8.886    1  7  AtlSun
282. EasternWashington      -7.731    -9.049    -8.665    2  7  BigSky
283. WrightState            -8.013    -6.801    -9.078    2  7  Horizon
284. AirForce               -8.119    -8.900    -9.447    1  7  MWC
285. DelawareState          -8.512    -6.758    -7.668    2  6  MEAC
286. Northeastern           -9.063   -10.468    -8.982    1  6  AmEast
287. Brown                  -9.063    -8.229    -8.349    3  5  Ivy
288. Iona                   -9.399   -10.161   -10.544    1  8  MAAC
289. FloridaAtlantic        -9.672   -11.254   -10.506    2  5  AtlSun
290. SELouisiana            -9.720    -8.603   -10.880    0  6  Southland
291. TennesseeState         -9.749   -11.570   -16.057    1  5  OVC
292. SouthernMississippi    -9.768    -9.298    -7.913    3  5  CUSA
293. NewOrleans            -10.055    -9.514    -4.368    3  6  SunBelt
294. CalStateFullerton     -10.228   -10.957   -10.822    2  5  BigWest
295. TexasSouthern         -11.005   -10.218    -6.729    2  5  SWAC
296. St.Johns              -11.407   -11.733   -11.206    2  8  BigEast
297. BirminghamSouthern    -11.848   -11.887    -7.688    2  4  BigSouth
298. Towson                -12.337   -11.436   -14.715    1  8  Colonial
299. EasternIllinois       -13.018   -12.529   -15.529    0  9  OVC
300. ArkansasPineBluff     -14.034   -15.127   -12.931    1  4  SWAC
301. AlabamaA&M            -14.523   -13.162   -17.351    0  5  SWAC
302. Jacksonville          -14.532   -13.641   -16.498    0  7  AtlSun
303. Centenary             -14.858   -12.174   -11.781    1  7  Independent
304. Winthrop              -15.156   -15.501   -21.358    0  6  BigSouth
305. St.FrancisN.Y.        -15.625   -15.079   -11.398    1  6  Northeast
306. Akron                 -15.961   -16.364   -16.689    1  6  MAC
307. SamHoustonState       -16.009   -16.076   -18.588    0  9  Southland
308. Lamar                 -16.086   -15.692   -11.656    2  5  Southland
309. TexasPanAmerican      -16.316   -16.153   -14.120    1  9  Independent
310. MorganState           -16.546   -16.258   -16.967    0  8  MEAC
311. TexasElPaso           -17.389   -17.859   -16.095    1  6  WAC
312. Samford               -18.041   -17.840   -14.580    1  5  AtlSun
313. McNeeseState          -18.482   -20.841   -21.147    0  6  Southland
314. UNCAsheville          -19.431   -19.690   -24.138    0  7  BigSouth
315. CentralConnecticut    -19.690   -19.086   -19.882    0  9  Northeast
316. MississippiValley     -21.013   -18.722   -14.897    0  3  SWAC
317. MorrisBrown           -21.991   -17.658   -18.147    1  6  Independent
318. RobertMorris          -22.259   -21.147   -22.796    0  5  Northeast
319. PrairieViewA&M        -27.340   -24.503   -24.867    0  4  SWAC
320. CalStateSacramento    -28.740   -28.663   -30.101    0  8  BigSky
321. NorthCarolinaA&T      -30.753   -28.165   -21.262    0  5  MEAC

Sun Dec 16 23:21:21 CST 2001

Calculations by Curtis Schmelling, made possible by MacPerl and Java!

(C) Copyright 1997-2001, Curtis Schmelling

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the author. All Rights Reserved