Home Team RPIs Conference RPIs n-Rating All Selection Data Archive Schedules Notes on My Calculations Women's RPI Links

NCAA Women's Basketball n-Rating

Games through 13 January 2002


Mean home advantage: 6.2804  SD: 19.0287


N1 = raw expected winning margin
N2 = expected winning margin, adjusted once for opponents' strength


rank team                   n-Rating    N2        N1     W   L conference 


1.   Connecticut            33.839    27.967    21.742   18  0  BigEast
2.   Tennessee              29.063    21.463    12.757   14  1  SEC
3.   Duke                   24.957    19.252    15.749   14  3  ACC
4.   Oklahoma               22.894    17.208    11.382   14  1  BigTwelve
5.   Vanderbilt             22.875    16.780    12.190   16  3  SEC
6.   LouisianaTech          22.671    16.845    13.463   11  3  WAC
7.   Stanford               22.262    15.321    12.116   16  1  PacTen
8.   Purdue                 22.225    15.684    11.205   13  3  BigTen
9.   OldDominion            21.444    15.851    10.852    9  5  Colonial
10.  VirginiaTech           20.906    15.517    12.060   12  2  BigEast
11.  SouthCarolina          20.274    15.823    11.549   16  1  SEC
12.  LSU                    18.982    13.203     8.348    8  6  SEC
13.  Wisconsin              18.843    12.534     9.175   15  1  BigTen
14.  TexasTech              18.778    13.027     8.269    9  5  BigTwelve
15.  Colorado               18.611    13.305     8.739   11  6  BigTwelve
16.  IowaState              18.341    14.383    11.373   13  3  BigTwelve
17.  UNLV                   18.109    14.922    14.179   14  1  MWC
18.  Georgia                17.533    13.872    11.215   12  3  SEC
19.  KansasState            17.152    13.565     9.635   16  1  BigTwelve
20.  Cincinnati             16.882    13.649    12.488   13  2  CUSA
21.  NorthCarolina          16.548    11.856     9.644   14  3  ACC
22.  USC                    16.353     9.932     8.660    9  7  PacTen
23.  Auburn                 16.121    12.525    10.341   13  3  SEC
24.  Syracuse               15.972    11.289     7.196    9  5  BigEast
25.  Michigan               15.888    10.304     6.838   11  6  BigTen
26.  UCSantaBarbara         15.842    10.118     6.388    6  5  BigWest
27.  SantaClara             15.730    11.689     8.316   12  3  WCC
28.  Illinois               15.693     9.970     8.037   11  4  BigTen
29.  Mississippi            15.693    11.921     8.715    9  7  SEC
30.  Bradley                15.628    13.472    14.680   11  3  MVC
31.  Florida                15.424    10.722     6.499   12  5  SEC
32.  Baylor                 15.312    11.754    11.819   13  2  BigTwelve
33.  NotreDame              15.126    10.481     6.588    9  6  BigEast
34.  Texas                  15.061    11.066     6.104   12  2  BigTwelve
35.  BostonCollege          14.894    10.908     9.617   12  3  BigEast
36.  Utah                   14.671    10.295     9.756    7  6  MWC
37.  ColoradoState          14.430    10.146     9.617   13  3  MWC
38.  Alabama                14.392    11.233     9.333   11  5  SEC
39.  FloridaState           14.337    10.722     9.431   10  6  ACC
40.  TCU                    14.151    10.564     7.517   12  3  CUSA
41.  Minnesota              13.937     9.082     6.722   12  3  BigTen
42.  HolyCross              13.900     9.914     8.079   10  4  Patriot
43.  Iowa                   13.872     9.403     6.225   11  5  BigTen
44.  PennState              13.547     8.446     4.934   11  7  BigTen
45.  MississippiState       13.315     9.110     6.258   12  5  SEC
46.  SouthAlabama           13.119    12.237    13.472   13  3  SunBelt
47.  Clemson                12.673     7.912     3.863   10  6  ACC
48.  Washington             12.664     7.071     5.733    9  7  PacTen
49.  Southern               12.543    12.460    10.889    9  3  SWAC
50.  Drake                  12.450     8.149     6.383   11  4  MVC
51.  FloridaInternational   12.283     8.153     5.041   14  4  SunBelt
52.  St.Josephs             12.116     9.189     8.525   13  2  ATen
53.  Creighton              11.884     9.329     9.486    9  5  MVC
54.  Wofford                11.800     9.709     9.217    8  5  Southern
55.  Missouri               11.735     8.306     6.569   11  3  BigTwelve
56.  NewMexico              11.614     7.874     6.007   12  4  MWC
57.  Indiana                11.614     6.225     3.289    8  8  BigTen
58.  WisconsinGreenBay      11.577     8.673     6.829   10  5  Horizon
59.  Chattanooga            11.345     8.162     8.669    8  6  Southern
60.  EasternKentucky        11.178     8.390     8.474   11  3  OVC
61.  Nebraska               11.168     8.618     5.222   11  6  BigTwelve
62.  Arkansas               11.112     7.851     5.157    9  6  SEC
63.  NorthCarolinaState     10.815     5.575     1.770    9  7  ACC
64.  Rice                   10.797     6.643     6.560   10  4  WAC
65.  MichiganState          10.657     6.248     4.344   10  6  BigTen
66.  Temple                 10.564     5.984     2.483    9  6  ATen
67.  St.Peters              10.518     8.162     8.358   12  3  MAAC
68.  ArizonaState           10.481     6.286     5.960   14  4  PacTen
69.  DePaul                 10.378     5.347     2.887   10  6  CUSA
70.  GeorgiaTech            10.295     6.290     4.025    8  6  ACC
71.  Pacific                10.286     7.312     5.161    7  6  BigWest
72.  Oregon                 10.165     5.394     3.252   10  7  PacTen
73.  Tulane                 10.128     7.275     6.987   13  4  CUSA
74.  Belmont                10.044     9.617    12.246   11  1  AtlSun
75.  TennesseeTech           9.728     6.890     4.360   10  5  OVC
76.  NorthTexas              9.719     5.579     3.598    8  6  SunBelt
77.  WisconsinMilwaukee      9.663     5.984     4.729   10  5  Horizon
78.  Evansville              9.589     5.338     2.358    7  7  MVC
79.  MiddleTennessee         9.561     6.629     5.036    9  7  SunBelt
80.  Maryland                9.431     5.454     3.545    9  6  ACC
81.  GeorgeWashington        9.352     5.106     4.005    9  6  ATen
82.  Vermont                 9.333     5.881     3.717    8  6  AmEast
83.  Valparaiso              9.236     6.852     4.490    9  4  MidCon
84.  OregonState             9.194     3.842     0.750    9  8  PacTen
85.  WesternKentucky         8.971     4.172    -0.138    9  6  SunBelt
86.  Villanova               8.878     6.216     5.612    9  5  BigEast
87.  St.Marys                8.869     4.581     4.149    7  7  WCC
88.  Portland                8.808     5.905     4.439    8  7  WCC
89.  BYU                     8.757     5.394     5.849   10  5  MWC
90.  Montana                 8.743     6.016     5.468    8  5  BigSky
91.  UNCWilmington           8.632     7.651     7.972    8  6  Colonial
92.  Denver                  8.585     5.719     4.527    8  9  SunBelt
93.  RhodeIsland             8.553     5.761     6.536    8  6  ATen
94.  Duquesne                8.492     4.669     4.701    7  8  ATen
95.  Kentucky                8.478     3.895     1.552    8  8  SEC
96.  Louisville              8.460     4.948     2.599   11  5  CUSA
97.  Gonzaga                 8.339     5.705     8.139    7  6  WCC
98.  Pepperdine              8.209     4.483     2.669   11  4  WCC
99.  WestVirginia            8.186     6.834     6.532    9  5  BigEast
100. BallState               8.135     5.305     6.309    8  4  MAC
101. OklahomaState           8.130     4.511     3.461    9  7  BigTwelve
102. NorthernArizona         8.032     5.542     4.985    8  7  BigSky
103. SanDiego                7.995     5.635     7.647   10  5  WCC
104. Providence              7.921     4.437     1.408    8  8  BigEast
105. MiamiFla.               7.916     4.337     3.075    9  6  BigEast
106. Virginia                7.837     3.275     0.690    9  7  ACC
107. MontanaState            7.707     4.095     4.032    7  7  BigSky
108. NorthernIowa            7.651     4.058     1.958    9  7  MVC
109. Furman                  7.591     4.887     2.773    7  7  Southern
110. LongBeachState          7.559     5.612     7.354    7  7  BigWest
111. OhioState               7.489     2.878     1.775    9  8  BigTen
112. Marquette               7.419     2.622    -0.099    8  7  CUSA
113. Rutgers                 7.322     2.952    -1.049    4 10  BigEast
114. UNCGreensboro           7.247     4.495     1.134    8  5  Southern
115. GeorgiaState            7.140     5.905     5.240    7  4  AtlSun
116. Houston                 7.066     5.041     5.417    9  5  CUSA
117. Georgetown              6.936     4.132     3.466    9  6  BigEast
118. Delaware                6.801     5.343     7.103    9  4  Colonial
119. Maine                   6.778     4.351     2.760    9  6  AmEast
120. Manhattan               6.778     5.919     5.291    8  6  MAAC
121. Siena                   6.564     4.330     4.976   10  3  MAAC
122. SetonHall               6.555     2.955     2.116    9  6  BigEast
123. Harvard                 6.523     4.766     3.930   10  5  Ivy
124. MiamiOhio               6.518     3.345     3.580   10  5  MAC
125. LoyolaMarymount         6.300     3.438     1.268    9  6  WCC
126. Tulsa                   6.235     3.445     5.315   10  5  WAC
127. SanFrancisco            6.142     2.539     0.383    8  7  WCC
128. Hawaii                  6.053     2.581     1.656   10  3  WAC
129. NorthwesternState       5.914     5.561     8.009    8  4  Southland
130. Liberty                 5.812     3.554     4.060    9  6  BigSouth
131. Memphis                 5.463     2.130     1.055    8  8  CUSA
132. Massachusetts           5.459     2.430     0.437    3 12  ATen
133. Toledo                  5.408     2.994     1.452    7  7  MAC
134. NewHampshire            5.389     3.940     4.260    7  7  AmEast
135. SWMissouriState         5.356     2.578    -0.320    6  7  MVC
136. Arizona                 5.282     0.314    -2.243    7  8  PacTen
137. KentState               5.264     2.750     0.952    7  8  MAC
138. Binghamton              5.245     5.106     7.233   11  3  AmEast
139. AlabamaState            5.212     5.361     8.279    8  4  SWAC
140. Charlotte               5.106     2.674     2.265    8  8  CUSA
141. TexasA&MCorpusChristi   4.827     3.672     2.941    8  9  Independent
142. Richmond                4.704     1.582    -1.990    7 10  ATen
143. WesternIllinois         4.622     3.315     3.496    5  7  MidCon
144. Wyoming                 4.381     1.417     0.827    6  7  MWC
145. CollegeofCharleston     4.121     3.949     4.202    7  5  Southern
146. TexasA&M                4.116     2.562     5.556   10  5  BigTwelve
147. ArkansasState           4.077     0.602    -2.292    6 10  SunBelt
148. Hartford                4.070     2.639     3.261    6  7  AmEast
149. Marist                  4.065     2.690     2.701    8  7  MAAC
150. WeberState              4.053     1.514     3.212   11  5  BigSky
151. Mercer                  4.030     3.357     6.007    4  7  AtlSun
152. Dartmouth               4.023     1.882     1.744    5  8  Ivy
153. AustinPeay              4.021     2.697     3.238    9  5  OVC
154. Drexel                  3.772     2.857     3.408    8  5  Colonial
155. GeorgeMason             3.728     1.124    -1.788    9  7  Colonial
156. Monmouth                3.677     3.096     3.456    7  7  Northeast
157. WesternMichigan         3.638     0.774     1.106    6  9  MAC
158. WichitaState            3.624     0.316    -2.680    7  7  MVC
159. SouthFlorida            3.589     1.670     3.003   10  5  CUSA
160. StephenF.Austin         3.470     2.207     3.071    9  5  Southland
161. St.Bonaventure          3.382     0.920    -0.401    8  7  ATen
162. UCIrvine                3.326     2.070     1.268    4 10  BigWest
163. SanDiegoState           3.089     1.677     2.950    8  5  MWC
164. Xavier                  3.055    -0.543    -3.393    6 10  ATen
165. Fordham                 3.006     0.014    -1.177    3 12  ATen
166. SanJoseState            3.001     0.328     1.287    8  6  WAC
167. LouisianaLafayette      2.966     1.010    -1.005    5 11  SunBelt
168. BostonUniversity        2.899     2.195     1.540    8  7  AmEast
169. JamesMadison            2.878     0.818     0.929   10  3  Colonial
170. FresnoState             2.739    -0.083     0.044    7  8  WAC
171. Pittsburgh              2.669    -0.921    -3.339    6  9  BigEast
172. SEMissouriState         2.355     1.027     1.919    6  6  OVC
173. NorthernIllinois        2.327    -0.264    -0.148    8  6  MAC
174. MurrayState             2.207    -1.167     0.111    4  7  OVC
175. Dayton                  2.130    -1.664    -4.245    5 10  ATen
176. MoreheadState           2.077     1.117     4.046    8  3  OVC
177. Ohio                    2.063     0.790     4.221    7  7  MAC
178. NorfolkState            1.993     2.924     8.901    7  2  MEAC
179. TennesseeMartin         1.863    -0.454    -2.515    2 11  OVC
180. CalPoly                 1.854    -0.183    -0.115    4  9  BigWest
181. IllinoisChicago         1.835     0.678     1.538    9  7  Horizon
182. EasternMichigan         1.791     0.065    -0.368    6  7  MAC
183. EastCarolina            1.628    -0.826    -1.799    3 12  CUSA
184. Northwestern            1.459    -2.380    -6.252    4 13  BigTen
185. SMU                     1.410    -1.815    -3.272    6 10  WAC
186. Bucknell                1.396     0.251     1.614    8  6  Patriot
187. IndianaState            1.352    -1.232    -1.028    5  8  MVC
188. UCRiverside             1.175    -0.180     0.056    5  7  BigWest
189. PortlandState           1.129    -1.555    -1.295    6 10  BigSky
190. StonyBrook              1.031    -0.652     0.253    9  4  AmEast
191. Princeton               0.964     0.369     1.744    8  7  Ivy
192. NewMexicoState          0.962    -1.388    -0.877    7  9  SunBelt
193. Fairfield               0.945    -0.940    -3.792    5  9  MAAC
194. Davidson                0.855    -0.403    -1.739    5  8  Southern
195. Canisius                0.764    -0.756    -2.768    7  8  MAAC
196. UAB                     0.729    -1.277    -1.351    8  8  CUSA
197. Rider                   0.662    -0.222     0.469    3 11  MAAC
198. JacksonState            0.516     1.015     1.998    4  8  SWAC
199. AppalachianState        0.383    -0.412     1.117    6  8  Southern
200. WesternCarolina         0.188    -0.937     0.314    9  4  Southern
201. Oakland                 0.144    -2.238    -3.990    6  9  MidCon
202. SouthernUtah            0.142    -1.637    -0.568    4  9  MidCon
203. UCLA                    0.102    -4.229    -7.506    5 10  PacTen
204. WakeForest              0.079    -2.877    -4.166    7  9  ACC
205. Navy                    0.005     0.216     3.294    8  7  Patriot
206. California             -0.006    -2.916    -4.059    5 10  PacTen
207. OralRoberts            -0.025    -2.394    -3.474    6  7  MidCon
208. Hofstra                -0.069    -0.984    -1.063    4 10  Colonial
209. VirginiaCommonwealth   -0.085    -2.004    -3.604    6  9  Colonial
210. Detroit                -0.180    -2.034    -0.761    7  7  Horizon
211. Buffalo                -0.220    -1.397    -1.063    7  8  MAC
212. Yale                   -0.257     0.228     2.197    7  7  Ivy
213. SaintLouis             -0.333    -2.173    -1.086    9  7  CUSA
214. Hampton                -0.352    -1.446    -0.838    6  8  MEAC
215. Lipscomb               -0.354    -1.669    -1.681    3 11  Independent
216. IdahoState             -0.517    -1.565     0.423    7  6  BigSky
217. Cornell                -0.524     0.098     1.429    8  7  Ivy
218. LoyolaIll.             -0.563    -2.289    -0.731    8  7  Horizon
219. GeorgiaSouthern        -0.654    -1.994    -3.172    5  8  Southern
220. CentralMichigan        -0.838    -2.385    -1.258    7  6  MAC
221. Elon                   -0.991    -1.781     0.764    5  8  BigSouth
222. Stetson                -1.181    -1.135     0.372    4  8  AtlSun
223. EastTennesseeState     -1.225    -2.045    -1.360    7  8  Southern
224. Kansas                 -1.251    -3.218    -5.880    4 12  BigTwelve
225. St.FrancisPa.          -1.286    -2.471    -0.315    6  7  Northeast
226. American               -1.386    -1.681    -0.731    6  8  Patriot
227. CentralFlorida         -1.451    -2.568    -1.191    9  6  AtlSun
228. Wagner                 -1.467    -1.518    -0.821    6  8  Northeast
229. Pennsylvania           -1.604    -3.506    -4.415    4  9  Ivy
230. Campbell               -1.623    -1.462    -2.313    5  7  AtlSun
231. Marshall               -1.630    -2.083    -1.339    3 10  MAC
232. William&Mary           -1.818    -3.876    -1.086    6  7  Colonial
233. Colgate                -1.820    -1.297    -0.714    6  9  Patriot
234. ChicagoState           -1.869    -3.414    -3.727    6  8  MidCon
235. BethuneCookman         -2.108    -0.169     3.136    5  6  MEAC
236. Howard                 -2.310    -2.594    -1.126    6  8  MEAC
237. Grambling              -2.410    -2.631    -1.541    6  6  SWAC
238. Idaho                  -2.491    -4.617    -4.094    6 10  BigWest
239. IllinoisState          -2.501    -5.239    -7.864    3 11  MVC
240. LongIsland             -2.615    -2.619    -1.618    7  6  Northeast
241. Nevada                 -2.642    -5.741    -8.863    4 10  WAC
242. FairleighDickinson     -2.668    -2.271     1.045    8  5  Northeast
243. IUPUI                  -2.680    -4.080    -4.271    4 10  MidCon
244. NichollsState          -2.775    -2.303    -2.280    5  7  Southland
245. CharlestonSouthern     -2.805    -4.313    -4.371    4  6  BigSouth
246. ArkansasLittleRock     -3.019    -4.443    -5.360    4 11  SunBelt
247. MarylandBaltimoreCo    -3.042    -3.174    -2.691    4  9  Northeast
248. UMKC                   -3.128    -3.681    -2.617    4 11  MidCon
249. Mt.St.Marys            -3.135    -3.567    -0.345    6  7  Northeast
250. SouthCarolinaState     -3.272    -2.268    -0.812    6  7  MEAC
251. CoastalCarolina        -3.297    -4.464    -3.135    4  8  BigSouth
252. YoungstownState        -3.356    -4.559    -1.637    5  9  Horizon
253. HighPoint              -3.458    -5.211    -5.513    5  8  BigSouth
254. LoyolaMd.              -3.502    -4.496    -2.120    7  7  MAAC
255. SacredHeart            -3.574    -3.342    -2.426    6  7  Northeast
256. SWTexasState           -3.583    -4.398    -0.656    9  6  Southland
257. Columbia               -3.648    -2.580    -1.209    6  7  Ivy
258. SouthernMississippi    -3.664    -4.707    -4.519    6  9  CUSA
259. BoiseState             -4.206    -6.433    -8.570    4 12  WAC
260. TexasArlington         -4.405    -3.637    -2.628    7  7  Southland
261. Quinnipiac             -4.452    -4.227    -2.512    6  8  Northeast
262. Northeastern           -4.614    -6.001    -8.189    2 13  AmEast
263. AlcornState            -4.633    -2.949    -0.094    6  4  SWAC
264. BowlingGreen           -4.638    -5.444    -5.160    3 11  MAC
265. Niagara                -4.817    -5.815    -5.876    2 13  MAAC
266. TexasSanAntonio        -5.091    -6.178    -4.076    6  7  Southland
267. LaSalle                -5.304    -6.824    -6.991    4 11  ATen
268. Albany                 -5.379    -5.091    -3.994    4  9  AmEast
269. Army                   -5.574    -5.569    -2.340    5  9  Patriot
270. MarylandEasternShore   -5.695    -3.911    -2.141    6  8  MEAC
271. EasternWashington      -5.727    -7.729    -8.705    3 11  BigSky
272. CalStateNorthridge     -5.746   -10.182   -12.050    1 11  BigWest
273. NewOrleans             -6.127    -6.786    -5.630    5 11  SunBelt
274. Lehigh                 -6.196    -6.076    -6.582    5 10  Patriot
275. WashingtonState        -6.312    -9.801   -12.672    2 15  PacTen
276. AirForce               -6.350    -7.330    -6.652    4 10  MWC
277. Brown                  -6.424    -6.870    -6.317    3 11  Ivy
278. FloridaAtlantic        -6.461    -8.231    -6.498    5  8  AtlSun
279. LouisianaMonroe        -6.526    -6.470    -4.094    3 10  Southland
280. TroyState              -6.582    -6.935    -7.688    3  8  AtlSun
281. Radford                -6.963    -7.525    -6.991    3 10  BigSouth
282. BirminghamSouthern     -7.116    -7.344    -3.049    6  7  BigSouth
283. SouthernIllinois       -7.223    -8.988    -7.158    4  9  MVC
284. ClevelandState         -7.232    -8.961    -6.331    6  8  Horizon
285. JacksonvilleState      -7.367    -7.846    -9.430    2 11  AtlSun
286. Butler                 -7.650    -9.541   -11.195    1 15  Horizon
287. Lafayette              -7.901    -7.590    -8.784    2 12  Patriot
288. DelawareState          -8.454    -7.971    -6.192    4  8  MEAC
289. TennesseeState         -8.775    -9.969   -11.557    2 10  OVC
290. Iona                   -9.007    -9.857    -8.984    4  9  MAAC
291. WrightState            -9.058    -9.267   -10.684    3 12  Horizon
292. St.Johns               -9.077    -9.959   -10.981    3 13  BigEast
293. CoppinState            -9.109    -8.882    -8.728    4 10  MEAC
294. TexasSouthern          -9.179    -8.213    -6.749    3  7  SWAC
295. AlabamaA&M             -9.476    -7.483    -5.374    3  7  SWAC
296. FloridaA&M             -9.959    -7.962    -4.447    5  9  MEAC
297. SELouisiana           -10.117    -9.727    -9.774    0 12  Southland
298. TexasElPaso           -10.963   -12.737   -13.081    3 10  WAC
299. Centenary             -11.158   -10.099    -9.267    2 13  Independent
300. McNeeseState          -11.427   -10.879    -8.951    4 11  Southland
301. EasternIllinois       -11.585   -12.635   -14.819    1 13  OVC
302. CalStateFullerton     -12.589   -14.085   -13.880    2 12  BigWest
303. Lamar                 -13.146   -12.338    -8.519    5  9  Southland
304. Towson                -13.332   -13.397   -14.559    1 13  Colonial
305. St.FrancisN.Y.        -13.592   -12.561   -10.796    2 11  Northeast
306. Akron                 -13.825   -14.010   -14.038    1 13  MAC
307. Winthrop              -13.890   -13.592   -14.633    1 10  BigSouth
308. ArkansasPineBluff     -14.140   -12.951   -11.780    3  8  SWAC
309. SamHoustonState       -15.042   -14.382   -14.577    0 14  Southland
310. Samford               -15.107   -14.642   -14.298    1 11  AtlSun
311. Jacksonville          -15.395   -15.320   -16.398    0 12  AtlSun
312. TexasPanAmerican      -15.683   -16.658   -13.694    1 12  Independent
313. MorganState           -17.030   -17.179   -16.956    0 15  MEAC
314. UNCAsheville          -17.262   -18.238   -18.665    0 13  BigSouth
315. MississippiValley     -18.637   -16.259   -11.316    1  8  SWAC
316. CentralConnecticut    -19.176   -19.232   -16.909    1 12  Northeast
317. RobertMorris          -19.251   -18.619   -17.690    0 11  Northeast
318. PrairieViewA&M        -19.585   -20.050   -21.592    0  9  SWAC
319. NorthCarolinaA&T      -19.697   -16.389   -16.240    0  9  MEAC
320. CalStateSacramento    -20.886   -21.406   -23.562    0 15  BigSky
321. MorrisBrown           -22.874   -20.366   -19.697    1 11  Independent

Sun Jan 13 23:54:04 PST 2002

Calculations by Curtis Schmelling, made possible by MacPerl and Java!

(C) Copyright 1997-2002, Curtis Schmelling

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the author. All Rights Reserved