Home Team RPIs Conference RPIs n-Rating All Selection Data Archive Schedules Notes on My Calculations Women's RPI Links

NCAA Women's Basketball n-Rating

Games through 6 January 2002


Mean home advantage: 6.7717  SD: 19.2715


N1 = raw expected winning margin
N2 = expected winning margin, adjusted once for opponents' strength


rank team                   n-Rating    N2        N1     W   L conference 


1.   Connecticut            33.556    27.195    20.627   16  0  BigEast
2.   Tennessee              30.827    23.393    15.141   11  1  SEC
3.   Duke                   24.654    19.159    15.526   12  3  ACC
4.   Stanford               23.337    16.298    12.289   14  1  PacTen
5.   Oklahoma               22.979    16.872    11.292   12  1  BigTwelve
6.   Vanderbilt             22.207    15.762    11.546   13  3  SEC
7.   LouisianaTech          21.511    15.564    12.092    9  3  WAC
8.   Purdue                 21.266    14.567    10.530   11  3  BigTen
9.   VirginiaTech           20.570    15.150    12.026   10  2  BigEast
10.  SouthCarolina          19.817    15.545    11.367   14  1  SEC
11.  IowaState              19.742    15.423    12.957   13  1  BigTwelve
12.  OldDominion            19.667    14.670    10.153    7  4  Colonial
13.  UNLV                   19.121    15.376    15.103   13  1  MWC
14.  Michigan               18.641    12.543     9.198   11  4  BigTen
15.  Cincinnati             18.406    15.272    14.350   11  1  CUSA
16.  Mississippi            18.378    14.877    12.289    9  5  SEC
17.  Colorado               18.302    13.268     8.892   10  5  BigTwelve
18.  TexasTech              18.302    12.355     7.683    9  3  BigTwelve
19.  Wisconsin              18.218    11.659     7.636   13  1  BigTen
20.  Georgia                18.001    14.661    12.722   11  1  SEC
21.  NorthCarolina          17.982    13.579    11.179   12  2  ACC
22.  KansasState            17.691    14.463    11.330   14  1  BigTwelve
23.  LSU                    17.333    12.496     8.958    7  5  SEC
24.  SantaClara             17.023    12.393     9.085   10  3  WCC
25.  Illinois               16.947    11.621    10.144    9  4  BigTen
26.  Florida                16.928    12.205     8.441   11  4  SEC
27.  Baylor                 16.806    13.983    14.228   12  1  BigTwelve
28.  USC                    16.449    10.116     8.318    8  7  PacTen
29.  UCSantaBarbara         16.317    10.172     6.498    6  5  BigWest
30.  Auburn                 16.194    13.390    11.960   12  2  SEC
31.  Bradley                15.602    13.767    15.573   11  2  MVC
32.  FloridaState           15.404    11.725     9.880   10  5  ACC
33.  Syracuse               15.263    10.389     6.399    7  5  BigEast
34.  BostonCollege          15.056    11.424    10.360   11  2  BigEast
35.  Iowa                   14.557     9.476     5.966    9  5  BigTen
36.  TCU                    14.237    10.342     7.006   11  3  CUSA
37.  Clemson                13.993     9.537     6.008    9  4  ACC
38.  Minnesota              13.946     9.683     7.824   11  2  BigTen
39.  Texas                  13.917    10.436     5.561   10  2  BigTwelve
40.  Washington             13.833     8.064     6.559    9  5  PacTen
41.  NotreDame              13.823     8.892     5.571    8  5  BigEast
42.  Utah                   13.814     8.874     8.610    6  5  MWC
43.  Chattanooga            13.691    10.511    11.367    7  5  Southern
44.  PennState              13.682     9.292     5.844    9  6  BigTen
45.  Alabama                13.550    10.868     9.368   10  4  SEC
46.  MississippiState       13.447     9.386     6.836   10  5  SEC
47.  FloridaInternational   13.099     8.591     5.848   12  4  SunBelt
48.  Arkansas               12.967    10.172     8.144    9  4  SEC
49.  ColoradoState          12.600     8.111     7.707   11  3  MWC
50.  Indiana                12.562     7.133     4.554    8  6  BigTen
51.  SouthAlabama           12.525    11.706    13.419   12  3  SunBelt
52.  Drake                  12.186     7.707     5.034    9  4  MVC
53.  HolyCross              12.158     7.537     5.514    8  4  Patriot
54.  Southern               11.857    11.358    10.257    7  3  SWAC
55.  Nebraska               11.744     9.062     6.432   10  5  BigTwelve
56.  Belmont                11.508    10.501    11.555    9  1  AtlSun
57.  Temple                 11.094     6.559     2.251    7  6  ATen
58.  Vermont                10.887     7.128     3.851    6  5  AmEast
59.  Tulane                 10.831     7.203     6.399   12  2  CUSA
60.  NewMexico              10.718     6.926     4.804   11  4  MWC
61.  St.Josephs             10.652     7.754     6.775   10  2  ATen
62.  EasternKentucky        10.605     7.387     6.653    9  3  OVC
63.  St.Peters              10.605     7.514     7.617   10  3  MAAC
64.  UNCWilmington          10.577     9.071     9.767    7  4  Colonial
65.  Creighton              10.530     8.177     8.285    9  4  MVC
66.  Missouri               10.492     8.069     5.881    9  3  BigTwelve
67.  Virginia               10.294     5.510     2.548    8  5  ACC
68.  ArizonaState           10.276     6.173     5.637   12  4  PacTen
69.  MiddleTennessee        10.247     7.264     5.095    8  6  SunBelt
70.  BYU                    10.144     6.832     7.994    9  4  MWC
71.  Duquesne               10.116     6.375     6.808    7  6  ATen
72.  TennesseeTech          10.040     6.705     3.955    8  5  OVC
73.  Montana                10.003     7.490     5.514    6  5  BigSky
74.  Wofford                 9.993     7.740     6.963    6  5  Southern
75.  Rice                    9.909     5.547     4.778    8  4  WAC
76.  NorthCarolinaState      9.786     4.599     2.037    8  6  ACC
77.  Maryland                9.720     5.787     3.449    9  6  ACC
78.  MichiganState           9.683     5.105     3.889   10  3  BigTen
79.  NorthTexas              9.645     5.486     3.611    8  5  SunBelt
80.  Rutgers                 9.603     4.587     0.663    4  8  BigEast
81.  GeorgiaTech             9.438     5.759     3.298    7  6  ACC
82.  Louisville              9.349     6.027     3.668    9  4  CUSA
83.  Villanova               9.344     7.335     7.636    8  4  BigEast
84.  WisconsinGreenBay       9.335     6.808     4.136    8  5  Horizon
85.  GeorgiaState            9.306     7.589     4.846    5  4  AtlSun
86.  Evansville              8.977     4.637     1.898    6  7  MVC
87.  Oregon                  8.902     4.380     2.696    9  6  PacTen
88.  DePaul                  8.892     3.592     1.204    8  6  CUSA
89.  NorthernArizona         8.770     6.102     5.350    7  6  BigSky
90.  OregonState             8.737     3.571     0.532    8  7  PacTen
91.  MontanaState            8.681     4.898     3.766    5  7  BigSky
92.  BallState               8.577     5.637     6.507    8  3  MAC
93.  Denver                  8.572     5.947     4.816    8  8  SunBelt
94.  Pacific                 8.469     5.392     2.745    5  6  BigWest
95.  St.Marys                8.398     3.903     3.651    6  6  WCC
96.  Delaware                8.177     6.907     8.789    8  3  Colonial
97.  Kentucky                8.173     4.051     3.115    8  6  SEC
98.  Providence              8.168     4.926     2.437    7  7  BigEast
99.  WestVirginia            8.036     7.283     7.340    7  5  BigEast
100. Siena                   7.994     5.335     5.288    8  3  MAAC
101. LongBeachState          7.843     5.637     7.373    5  7  BigWest
102. Hawaii                  7.843     5.241     3.731    9  2  WAC
103. WisconsinMilwaukee      7.829     3.816     2.178    8  5  Horizon
104. Houston                 7.815     5.448     7.006    9  4  CUSA
105. MiamiFla.               7.787     4.778     4.856    9  4  BigEast
106. Pepperdine              7.782     4.042     3.006    9  4  WCC
107. Memphis                 7.730     4.258     2.416    7  7  CUSA
108. Valparaiso              7.707     5.312     3.192    8  4  MidCon
109. OhioState               7.650     3.345     2.360    8  7  BigTen
110. Gonzaga                 7.514     5.058     8.718    6  5  WCC
111. Portland                7.504     4.526     4.514    8  5  WCC
112. SetonHall               7.500     3.797     2.590    8  5  BigEast
113. NorthernIowa            7.382     3.820     2.670    8  7  MVC
114. WesternKentucky         7.194     2.091    -3.116    7  6  SunBelt
115. LoyolaMarymount         7.133     4.230     1.948    8  5  WCC
116. GeorgeWashington        7.076     3.136     1.235    6  6  ATen
117. SanFrancisco            7.039     3.338     1.056    8  5  WCC
118. OklahomaState           6.921     4.274     5.260    9  5  BigTwelve
119. Maine                   6.879     4.338     2.724    8  5  AmEast
120. SanDiego                6.836     4.529     7.161    9  4  WCC
121. NewHampshire            6.756     4.921     5.891    6  6  AmEast
122. Massachusetts           6.493     3.181     1.099    2 10  ATen
123. SEMissouriState         6.451     4.790     7.683    6  3  OVC
124. RhodeIsland             6.352     3.604     4.724    6  6  ATen
125. Manhattan               6.178     5.274     3.359    6  6  MAAC
126. KentState               5.994     3.333     0.833    6  7  MAC
127. UNCGreensboro           5.947     3.315     0.056    7  4  Southern
128. TexasA&MCorpusChristi   5.867     4.505     1.694    6  9  Independent
129. Tulsa                   5.848     3.373     3.672    8  5  WAC
130. Georgetown              5.778     3.663     3.818    8  5  BigEast
131. NorfolkState            5.735     5.528    13.673    5  1  MEAC
132. CalPoly                 5.735     3.416     2.244    3  7  BigWest
133. SouthFlorida            5.717     3.915     5.768   10  3  CUSA
134. Charlotte               5.712     3.566     3.270    7  6  CUSA
135. Harvard                 5.684     3.583     2.719    9  4  Ivy
136. StephenF.Austin         5.646     3.566     3.851    8  4  Southland
137. WesternIllinois         5.608     4.023     4.394    5  6  MidCon
138. Furman                  5.538     2.889     0.950    6  6  Southern
139. Liberty                 5.462     2.155     1.727    6  6  BigSouth
140. AlabamaState            5.458     4.757     7.001    6  4  SWAC
141. LouisianaLafayette      5.411     3.564     1.689    5  9  SunBelt
142. Drexel                  5.298     3.889     5.547    7  4  Colonial
143. Marquette               5.279    -0.246    -3.252    6  7  CUSA
144. Binghamton              4.978     4.663     6.568    9  3  AmEast
145. Wyoming                 4.950     1.821     2.317    6  5  MWC
146. Xavier                  4.698     1.035    -2.156    5  9  ATen
147. Richmond                4.665     1.442    -2.189    6  9  ATen
148. Toledo                  4.653     1.931     0.461    5  7  MAC
149. NorthwesternState       4.590     3.964     6.987    6  4  Southland
150. MiamiOhio               4.585     1.047     1.214    8  5  MAC
151. Mercer                  4.583     3.333     6.286    4  6  AtlSun
152. SanJoseState            4.569     2.418     3.583    7  5  WAC
153. SWMissouriState         4.554     1.423    -1.989    5  7  MVC
154. BostonUniversity        4.519     3.310     3.291    7  5  AmEast
155. Marist                  4.451     3.068     2.077    6  6  MAAC
156. St.Bonaventure          4.406     1.960     1.219    8  5  ATen
157. UCIrvine                4.378     2.898     2.515    4  9  BigWest
158. CollegeofCharleston     4.286     3.827     3.929    5  5  Southern
159. Dartmouth               4.251     1.856     1.282    4  7  Ivy
160. GeorgeMason             4.154     1.823    -1.514    8  6  Colonial
161. Dayton                  4.100     0.294    -3.003    4  9  ATen
162. ArkansasState           4.077     0.416    -2.067    5  9  SunBelt
163. Monmouth                3.910     2.599     1.701    6  5  Northeast
164. Princeton               3.686     3.068     5.434    7  5  Ivy
165. Arizona                 3.543    -1.498    -4.433    5  8  PacTen
166. WichitaState            3.411     0.678    -2.224    7  6  MVC
167. Pittsburgh              3.399    -0.145    -2.192    6  8  BigEast
168. UAB                     3.183     1.317     1.160    8  6  CUSA
169. Davidson                3.049     1.579     0.179    5  6  Southern
170. FresnoState             2.851    -0.039    -0.175    6  8  WAC
171. WeberState              2.639     0.645     1.063    9  5  BigSky
172. AustinPeay              2.590     1.306     0.642    7  4  OVC
173. WesternMichigan         2.447    -0.655    -0.317    4  9  MAC
174. Fordham                 2.327    -0.161    -1.599    3  9  ATen
175. JamesMadison            2.282    -0.048    -1.434    8  3  Colonial
176. TexasA&M                2.268     1.190     5.622    9  4  BigTwelve
177. SanDiegoState           2.202     0.781     3.425    8  4  MWC
178. Fairfield               2.188    -0.335    -3.669    5  7  MAAC
179. MoreheadState           2.110     0.621     3.421    7  2  OVC
180. Hartford                1.988     0.567     2.242    5  6  AmEast
181. California              1.988    -0.742    -1.834    5  8  PacTen
182. Oakland                 1.818    -0.651    -3.260    6  7  MidCon
183. NorthernIllinois        1.807    -0.876    -0.766    6  6  MAC
184. MurrayState             1.661    -2.156    -0.495    3  5  OVC
185. IdahoState              1.649     0.593     0.920    6  5  BigSky
186. EasternMichigan         1.539    -0.394     0.002    6  5  MAC
187. EastCarolina            1.444    -0.526    -0.726    3 10  CUSA
188. StonyBrook              1.407    -0.764     0.176    7  4  AmEast
189. IndianaState            1.263    -1.349     0.080    5  7  MVC
190. PortlandState           1.049    -1.608    -0.434    6  8  BigSky
191. Northwestern            1.033    -2.547    -6.242    4 11  BigTen
192. Hofstra                 0.979    -0.298     5.0E-    3  9  Colonial
193. Ohio                    0.943    -0.288     4.394    6  6  MAC
194. IllinoisChicago         0.899    -0.557     0.125    8  6  Horizon
195. SMU                     0.866    -2.293    -4.412    6  8  WAC
196. AppalachianState        0.687     0.169     2.164    5  7  Southern
197. GeorgiaSouthern         0.682    -0.637    -2.112    5  6  Southern
198. Bucknell                0.673    -0.639     0.092    6  6  Patriot
199. CentralMichigan         0.513    -1.283     0.301    7  4  MAC
200. TennesseeMartin         0.449    -1.509    -4.328    1  9  OVC
201. UCLA                    0.431    -3.603    -6.929    5  9  PacTen
202. NewMexicoState          0.271    -1.538    -0.345    6  8  SunBelt
203. JacksonState            0.068     0.353     2.303    3  7  SWAC
204. Cornell                 0.066     0.120     1.562    5  7  Ivy
205. Detroit                 0.014    -2.467    -1.879    6  6  Horizon
206. Pennsylvania           -0.011    -2.199    -3.535    3  8  Ivy
207. Elon                   -0.058    -1.260     0.489    3  8  BigSouth
208. William&Mary           -0.070    -1.952     2.171    6  4  Colonial
209. Navy                   -0.161     0.087     3.493    8  5  Patriot
210. Hampton                -0.253    -2.090    -1.248    6  7  MEAC
211. SaintLouis             -0.281    -2.290    -0.921    7  7  CUSA
212. OralRoberts            -0.288    -2.455    -3.970    5  7  MidCon
213. CharlestonSouthern     -0.293    -2.749    -3.822    3  5  BigSouth
214. WesternCarolina        -0.378    -1.634    -0.237    7  4  Southern
215. Lipscomb               -0.564    -1.930    -1.653    3 11  Independent
216. Buffalo                -0.622    -1.975    -1.984    6  7  MAC
217. American               -0.632    -1.302    -0.455    5  7  Patriot
218. WakeForest             -0.698    -3.154    -4.038    6  8  ACC
219. Wagner                 -0.712    -1.300    -1.996    4  8  Northeast
220. LoyolaIll.             -0.778    -2.947    -0.517    6  7  Horizon
221. UCRiverside            -0.900    -2.196    -1.773    4  7  BigWest
222. Canisius               -1.196    -3.149    -3.469    6  6  MAAC
223. Idaho                  -1.267    -3.278    -3.095    6  7  BigWest
224. MarylandBaltimoreCo    -1.363    -1.895    -0.912    4  7  Northeast
225. Kansas                 -1.401    -3.328    -4.598    4 10  BigTwelve
226. BethuneCookman         -1.408    -0.147     1.694    4  5  MEAC
227. Colgate                -1.410    -1.053    -0.832    5  8  Patriot
228. ArkansasLittleRock     -1.610    -2.951    -4.873    4  9  SunBelt
229. SouthernUtah           -1.770    -3.751    -2.297    2  9  MidCon
230. Yale                   -1.789    -1.234     0.645    6  6  Ivy
231. EastTennesseeState     -1.820    -3.205    -2.107    7  6  Southern
232. Howard                 -1.872    -3.111    -2.192    4  8  MEAC
233. UMKC                   -1.879    -2.413    -1.316    4 10  MidCon
234. Columbia               -2.003    -1.354     0.174    5  6  Ivy
235. ChicagoState           -2.104    -3.634    -4.031    5  7  MidCon
236. Stetson                -2.152    -2.464    -1.465    3  7  AtlSun
237. NichollsState          -2.257    -2.810    -2.669    4  6  Southland
238. Campbell               -2.276    -2.104    -3.064    4  6  AtlSun
239. SWTexasState           -2.359    -3.890    -0.916    6  6  Southland
240. CentralFlorida         -2.526    -4.393    -2.542    7  6  AtlSun
241. Grambling              -2.530    -3.236    -3.970    4  6  SWAC
242. St.FrancisPa.          -2.533    -4.330    -2.709    4  7  Northeast
243. VirginiaCommonwealth   -2.570    -4.648    -6.473    4  9  Colonial
244. Rider                  -2.575    -3.260    -2.963    2 10  MAAC
245. HighPoint              -2.667    -5.217    -6.266    4  7  BigSouth
246. LaSalle                -2.796    -4.243    -4.659    4  9  ATen
247. Marshall               -2.907    -3.372    -1.966    3  8  MAC
248. LongIsland             -2.937    -3.497    -2.836    5  6  Northeast
249. CoastalCarolina        -2.987    -4.250    -2.791    3  7  BigSouth
250. Nevada                 -3.017    -6.407    -9.395    4  9  WAC
251. SouthCarolinaState     -3.038    -2.864    -1.521    4  7  MEAC
252. IUPUI                  -3.161    -4.379    -5.523    3  9  MidCon
253. YoungstownState        -3.172    -4.822    -1.592    4  8  Horizon
254. TexasArlington         -3.316    -3.243    -3.603    5  6  Southland
255. SacredHeart            -3.434    -3.509    -2.947    5  6  Northeast
256. FairleighDickinson     -3.474    -3.587    -0.366    6  5  Northeast
257. LoyolaMd.              -3.711    -4.469    -1.403    7  6  MAAC
258. Quinnipiac             -3.765    -3.930    -3.062    5  7  Northeast
259. Mt.St.Marys            -3.897    -4.568    -1.465    4  7  Northeast
260. BoiseState             -4.010    -5.955    -7.833    4 10  WAC
261. AlcornState            -4.116    -2.888     0.024    5  3  SWAC
262. IllinoisState          -4.288    -6.868   -10.030    2 10  MVC
263. Niagara                -4.309    -5.391    -4.563    2 10  MAAC
264. BowlingGreen           -4.311    -5.353    -4.563    2 10  MAC
265. ClevelandState         -4.368    -6.548    -3.888    6  5  Horizon
266. SouthernMississippi    -4.568    -5.344    -5.038    6  7  CUSA
267. WashingtonState        -4.756    -8.007   -11.536    2 13  PacTen
268. Albany                 -4.786    -4.417    -3.081    4  8  AmEast
269. TexasSanAntonio        -4.986    -6.346    -5.113    5  7  Southland
270. Butler                 -5.349    -7.428    -9.004    1 13  Horizon
271. FloridaAtlantic        -5.480    -7.428    -6.355    4  7  AtlSun
272. AirForce               -5.527    -6.158    -5.527    4  9  MWC
273. Army                   -5.819    -5.979    -2.650    4  8  Patriot
274. LouisianaMonroe        -5.885    -6.238    -3.255    3  8  Southland
275. Northeastern           -5.894    -7.089    -8.844    2 10  AmEast
276. TroyState              -5.965    -6.548    -8.397    3  7  AtlSun
277. CalStateNorthridge     -6.073   -10.783   -13.502    0 11  BigWest
278. MarylandEasternShore   -6.360    -5.151    -3.754    5  7  MEAC
279. SouthernIllinois       -6.398    -8.167    -6.158    4  8  MVC
280. Lehigh                 -6.445    -6.628    -8.157    4  9  Patriot
281. Lafayette              -6.972    -6.482    -7.311    2  9  Patriot
282. BirminghamSouthern     -7.480    -8.035    -3.965    5  6  BigSouth
283. Radford                -7.899    -8.115    -8.129    3  9  BigSouth
284. St.Johns               -7.927    -8.802    -9.385    3 11  BigEast
285. JacksonvilleState      -8.016    -9.202   -11.394    1 10  AtlSun
286. EasternWashington      -8.026    -9.663    -9.564    3  9  BigSky
287. Brown                  -8.092    -8.539    -8.929    3  8  Ivy
288. NewOrleans             -8.134    -8.327    -7.047    3 11  SunBelt
289. DelawareState          -8.449    -8.680    -7.616    2  8  MEAC
290. FloridaA&M             -8.962    -7.287    -4.391    4  7  MEAC
291. AlabamaA&M             -9.094    -8.388    -6.266    2  6  SWAC
292. CoppinState            -9.136    -9.197    -9.428    4  9  MEAC
293. Iona                   -9.268    -9.823   -10.049    2  9  MAAC
294. TennesseeState         -9.291   -10.425   -13.107    1  9  OVC
295. WrightState           -10.115    -9.889   -11.423    2 10  Horizon
296. TexasElPaso           -10.388   -12.298   -11.874    3  8  WAC
297. TexasSouthern         -10.406    -9.447    -6.816    3  6  SWAC
298. SELouisiana           -10.915   -10.670    -9.682    0 10  Southland
299. Centenary             -11.216   -10.049   -10.124    1 12  Independent
300. CalStateFullerton     -12.467   -13.766   -13.737    2 11  BigWest
301. EasternIllinois       -12.825   -13.737   -16.156    0 11  OVC
302. ArkansasPineBluff     -12.825   -11.959    -9.178    3  6  SWAC
303. Winthrop              -12.938   -13.361   -15.055    1  8  BigSouth
304. Akron                 -13.276   -13.276   -13.258    1 12  MAC
305. Lamar                 -13.295   -12.900    -9.178    4  8  Southland
306. St.FrancisN.Y.        -13.342   -12.778   -11.263    2  9  Northeast
307. Towson                -13.380   -12.947   -14.669    1 11  Colonial
308. Jacksonville          -14.311   -14.500   -15.554    0 10  AtlSun
309. TexasPanAmerican      -14.660   -15.676   -13.916    1 11  Independent
310. Samford               -15.187   -15.045   -13.888    1  9  AtlSun
311. SamHoustonState       -16.156   -15.751   -15.667    0 12  Southland
312. MorganState           -16.316   -16.805   -17.831    0 12  MEAC
313. McNeeseState          -16.353   -15.996   -14.274    3  9  Southland
314. UNCAsheville          -18.010   -18.866   -18.809    0 11  BigSouth
315. MississippiValley     -18.998   -17.596   -11.733    1  6  SWAC
316. CentralConnecticut    -19.572   -19.892   -16.485    1 10  Northeast
317. NorthCarolinaA&T      -20.117   -18.311   -15.921    0  7  MEAC
318. RobertMorris          -21.378   -21.115   -20.306    0  9  Northeast
319. CalStateSacramento    -21.698   -22.018   -24.295    0 13  BigSky
320. MorrisBrown           -22.903   -19.760   -20.306    1  9  Independent
321. PrairieViewA&M        -25.349   -24.973   -27.946    0  7  SWAC

Sun Jan 06 23:31:10 PST 2002

Calculations by Curtis Schmelling, made possible by MacPerl and Java!

(C) Copyright 1997-2002, Curtis Schmelling

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the author. All Rights Reserved